Adapted from the new book The Singularity is Nearer: When We Merge With AI by Ray Kurzweil.

The American computer scientist and techno-optimist Ray Kurzweil is a long-serving authority on artificial intelligence (AI). His bestselling 2005 book, The Singularity Is Near, sparked imaginations with sci-fi like predictions that computers would reach human-level intelligence by 2029 and that we would merge with computers and become superhuman around 2045, which he called “the Singularity”. Now, nearly 20 years on, Kurzweil, 76, has a sequel, The Singularity Is Nearer – and some of his predictions no longer seem so wacky. Kurzweil’s day job is principal researcher and AI visionary at Google. He spoke to the Observer in his personal capacity as an author, inventor and futurist.

Why write this book? The Singularity Is Near talked about the future, but 20 years ago, when people didn’t know what AI was. It was clear to me what would happen, but it wasn’t clear to everybody. Now AI is dominating the conversation. It is time to take a look again both at the progress we’ve made – large language models (LLMs) are quite delightful to use – and the coming breakthroughs.

How will AI improve our lives in the years to come? From its inception six decades ago to its recent exponential growth, futurist Ray Kurzweil highlights AI’s transformative impact on various fields and explains his prediction for the singularity: the point at which human intelligence merges with machine intelligence.

Technological singularity: a hypothetical event where artificial intelligence (AI) surpasses human capabilities and leads to a transformative cascade of change.

Technological singularity: a hypothetical event where artificial intelligence (AI), pushed by exponential growth in computational power and intelligence, surpasses human capabilities and leads to a transformative cascade of change.

Coined by mathematician John von Neumann and popularized by futurist Ray Kurzweil, the singularity signifies a critical moment in human history—one where the trajectory of civilization takes an unpredictable turn and the boundaries between humans and machines blur. Kurzweil argued that technological progress follows an exponential trajectory and predicted that the singularity would occur around the year 2045, leading to a merging of human and machine intelligence and unprecedented levels of innovation.