New COO Michael Ringel says company is confident as it prepares for clinical studies in glaucoma and NAION later this year.
Category: biotech/medical
New capabilities in DNA nanostructure self-assembly eliminate need for extreme heating and controlled cooling
Posted in bioengineering, biotech/medical, computing, genetics, nanotechnology | Leave a Comment on New capabilities in DNA nanostructure self-assembly eliminate need for extreme heating and controlled cooling
University at Albany researchers at the RNA Institute are pioneering new methods for designing and assembling DNA nanostructures, enhancing their potential for real-world applications in medicine, materials science and data storage.
Their latest findings demonstrate a novel ability to assemble these structures without the need for extreme heat and controlled cooling. They also demonstrate successful assembly of unconventional “buffer” substances including nickel. These developments, published in the journal Science Advances, unlock new possibilities in DNA nanotechnology.
DNA is most commonly recognized for its role in storing genetic information. Composed of base pairs that can easily be manipulated, DNA is also an excellent material for constructing nanoscale objects. By “programming” the base pairs that make up DNA molecules, scientists can create precise structures as small as a few nanometers that can be engineered into shapes with intricate architectures.
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Superconductive materials seem miraculous. Their resistanceless flow of electricity has been exploited in some powerful ways—from super-strong magnets used in MRIs, particle accelerators and fusion plants. And then there’s, their bizarre ability to levitate in magnetic fields. But the broader use of superconductors is limited because they need to be cooled to extremely low temperatures to work. But what if we could produce superconductivity at room temperature? It would change the world.
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Two of the participants met the definition of partial success at 12 and 18 months, and the overall success of CALEC was 93% at 12 months and 92% at 18 months. Three participants received a second corneal CALEC transplant, of which one experienced complete success by the end check-up visit of the study.
Additional analysis of the impact of CALEC on vision showed varying levels of improvement of visual acuity in all 14 of the participants. The corneal procedure displayed a high safety profile with no adverse events occurring. However, one participant had a bacterial infection eight months after transplant due to chronic contact lens use. Any other adverse events were minor and were resolved quickly.
The CALEC trial is the first human study of a stem cell therapy to be funded by the National Eye Institute (NEI) branch of the NIH. However, the CALEC procedure remains an experimental procedure and it is not offered at Mass Eye and Ear or at any other hospital in America. Mass General Brigham’s Gene and Cell Therapy Institute will be conducting additional randomized-control design studies including a larger number of participants at multiple centers, with longer follow-ups before this treatment will be submitted for federal approval.
Heman Bekele has just been named Time’s 2024 Kid of the Year.
S 15, is already spending part of every weekday working in a lab at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore, hoping to bring his dream to fruition. ‘.
Last year NPR interviewed Heman Bekele about his invention of a soap to fight skin cancer. He was motivated by his childhood in Ethiopia: He saw people working in the sun and thought of health risks.
In early February, an Australian man in his 40s became the first person in the world to leave hospital with a virtually unbreakable heart made of metal.
‘Beating’ in his chest was a titanium pump about the size of a fist. For 105 days, the metal organ’s levitating propeller pushed blood to the man’s lungs and kept him alive as he went about his usual business.
On March 6, when a human donor heart became available, the man’s titanium heart was swapped out for the real thing. Doctors say without the metal stop-gap, the patient’s real heart would have failed before a donor became available.
Advanced Skin Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Leveraging Convolutional Neural Networks for Image-Based Prediction and Comprehensive Health Assistance
Posted in biotech/medical, health, robotics/AI | Leave a Comment on Advanced Skin Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Leveraging Convolutional Neural Networks for Image-Based Prediction and Comprehensive Health Assistance
【Advanced Skin Disease Diagnosis and Treatment: Leveraging Convolutional Neural Networks for Image-Based Prediction and Comprehensive Health Assistance】 Full article: (Authored by Noshin Un Noor, et al., from World University of Bangladesh, Bangladesh.)
Skin_diseases are a major global health concern, encompassing a wide range of conditions with varying severity. Prompt and precise diagnosis is critical for effective treatment. However, traditional methods often rely on dermatologists, creating disparities in access to care. This study creates and assesses a highly accurate Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model that can use digital photos of skin lesions to diagnose a variety of skin conditions, and looks into how well various CNN architectures and pre-trained models may increase the precision and effectiveness of diagnosing skin conditions.
Skin conditions are a worldwide health issue that requires prompt and accurate diagnosis in order to be effectively treated. This study presents a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based automated skin disease diagnostic method. The work uses preprocessing methods like scaling, normalization, and augmentation to improve model robustness using the DermNet dataset, which consists of 19,500 pictures from 23 disease categories. TensorFlow and Keras were used to create a unique CNN architecture, which produced an impressive accuracy of 94.65%. Metrics like precision, recall, and F1-score were used to validate the model’s performance, showing that it outperformed more conventional machine learning techniques like SVM and KNN. The system incorporates patient-reported symptoms in addition to diagnosis to provide a comprehensive approach to health support, allowing for remote accessibility and tailored therapy suggestions. This work recognizes issues like dataset variability and processing needs while showcasing the revolutionary potential of AI in dermatology. In order to improve model interpretability and clinical integration, future possibilities include dataset extension, real-world validation, and the use of explainable AI.
Skin Disease Diagnosis, Dermatological Image Analysis, Medical Image Classification, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Healthcare Accessibility, Deep Learning Applications, DermNet Dataset
A small team of computational and evolutionary biologists from the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital and the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, reports that unique lactase genes carried by about 25% of East Asian people may have been inherited from Neanderthals.
In their study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the group compared the genes of thousands of people of African, East Asian and European descent against one another and then against Neanderthal genes.
Prior research has shown that many people of European descent carry genes that allow them to easily digest the sugars (lactose) present in milk, in sharp contrast to people of East Asian descent, who tend to have a high percentage of lactose intolerance. However, in this new effort, the research team found unique versions of the lactase gene in some East Asian people along with evidence that they may have come from interbreeding between humans and Neanderthals thousands of years ago.
Much of cell behavior is governed by the actions of biomolecular condensates: building block molecules that glom together and scatter apart as needed. Biomolecular condensates constantly shift their phase, sometimes becoming solid, sometimes like little droplets of oil in vinegar, and other phases in between.
Understanding the electrochemical properties of such slippery molecules has been a recent focus for researchers at Washington University in St. Louis.
In research published in Nature Chemistry, Yifan Dai, assistant professor of biomedical engineering at the McKelvey School of Engineering, shares the rules involving the intracellular electrochemical properties that affect movement and chemical activities inside the cell and how that might impact cell processes as a condensate ages. The research can inform the development of treatments for diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or cancer.
The Automated Intimate Partner Violence Risk Support System (AIRS) utilizes clinical history and radiologic data to pinpoint patients seen in the emergency room who may be at a risk for intimate partner violence (IPV). Developed over the past five years, AIRS has been rolled out to the Brigham and Women’s Hospital’s Emergency Rooms in Boston as well as surrounding primary care sites. Currently, the tool has been validated at the University of California-San Francisco Medical Center and is being evaluated by the Alameda Health System for its role in clinical workflow.
“Data labeling quality is a huge concern—not just with intimate partner violence care, but in machine learning for healthcare and machine learning, broadly speaking,” says cofounder Irene Chen. “Our hope is that with training, clinicians can be taught how to spot intimate partner violence—we are hoping to find a set of cleaner labels.”