New research explores the Cherenkov effect where superluminal speeds generate radiation and discusses new research using this principle to create terahertz radiation for advanced imaging and radar applications.
When charged particles travel through a medium at a speed greater than the phase speed of light in that medium (a phenomenon known as superluminal speed), they emit radiation. The resulting radiation forms a conical pattern. This phenomenon, known as the Cherenkov effect, has numerous fundamental and practical applications. The explanation of this effect earned the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1958.
The oblique incidence of light on the interface between two media is a similar phenomenon; in this case, a wave of secondary radiation sources is formed along the interface, which propagates at a speed exceeding the phase speed of light. The refraction and reflection of light from an interface is the result of the addition of the amplitudes of waves from all sources formed during light incidence.
Fusion vessels have a Goldilocks problem: The plasma within needs to be hot enough to generate net power, but if it’s too hot, it can damage the vessel’s interior. Researchers at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) are exploring ways to draw away excess heat, including several methods that use liquid metal.
One possibility, say researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy Lab, involves flowing liquid lithium up and down a series of slats in tiles lining the bottom of the vessel. The liquid metal could also help to protect the components that face the plasma against a bombardment of particles known as neutrons.
“The prevailing option for an economical commercial fusion reactor is a compact design,” said PPPL’s Egemen Kolemen, co-author of a 2022 paper on the research and an associate professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering and the Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment. However, compactness makes handling the heat flux and neutron bombardment a bigger challenge.
What is the nature of quantum physics? Neil deGrasse Tyson and comedian Chuck Nice get quantum, exploring Schrodinger’s Cat, electrons, Hilbert Space, and the biggest ideas in the universe (in the smallest particles) with theoretical physicist Sean Carroll.
When did the idea of fields originate? Are fields even real or are they just mathematically convenient? We explore electrons, whether they are a field, and whether they exist at all. We also discuss the wave function, Hilbert Space, and what quantum mechanics really is. Do superpositions always exist?
What would happen if Planck’s Constant were macroscopic? Learn about entangling particles and the longest entanglement distances. If the particles are entangled why would the distance matter? Could we make an internet with quantum entanglement? We break down Schrodinger’s cat, its interpretations, and what the thought experiment really means. Do superpositions always exist?
Are there quantum manifestations in the macro-universe? We explore the microwave background, inflation, and how we discovered that atoms are mostly empty. Sean gives his latest takes on dark matter, dark energy, emergence, and free will. Plus, is dark energy really the cosmological constant?
Timestamps:
00:00 — Introduction: Sean Carroll.
05:28 — The Origin of Feild Theory.
8:26 — Do Electrons Exist?
11:57 — What Really is Quantum Mechanics?
17:30 — What If the Planck Constant Were Macroscopic?
18;45 — Extending Quantum Entanglement.
25:50 — Schrodinger’s Cat \& The Multiverse.
36:16 — Quantum in the Macro Universe.
42:17 — Thoughts on the Dark Universe.
Check out our second channel, @StarTalkPlus.
Dark matter could bring black holes together.
Dark matter that interacts with itself could extract significant momentum from a binary supermassive black hole system, causing the black holes to merge.
A gravitational-wave “hum” pervades the Universe.
Researchers have found a link between some of the largest and smallest objects in the cosmos: supermassive black holes and dark matter particles.
They called it the God particle – a particle so ’goddamn’ elusive, it took nearly 40 years and a $4.75 billion machine to detect, all in the hopes of closing one chapter in physics and opening a new one.
Yet for all its promise, it’s possible the Higgs boson might not be the window to a new age of science.
On including previously neglected corrections to data-driven models of the Higgs boson’s creation, physicists from the Polish Academy of Sciences, the Max-Planck Institute for Physics, and the RWTH Aachen University in Germany have failed to find evidence of ‘hidden’ laws lurking in the particle’s shadow.
The concept of short-range order (SRO)—the arrangement of atoms over small distances—in metallic alloys has been underexplored in materials science and engineering. But the past decade has seen renewed interest in quantifying it, since decoding SRO is a crucial step toward developing tailored high-performing alloys, such as stronger or heat-resistant materials.
Understanding how atoms arrange themselves is no easy task and must be verified using intensive lab experiments or computer simulations based on imperfect models. These hurdles have made it difficult to fully explore SRO in metallic alloys.
But Killian Sheriff and Yifan Cao, graduate students in MIT’s Department of Materials Science and Engineering (DMSE), are using machine learning to quantify, atom by atom, the complex chemical arrangements that make up SRO. Under the supervision of Assistant Professor Rodrigo Freitas, and with the help of Assistant Professor Tess Smidt in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, their work was recently published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Infleqtion, the world’s leading quantum information company, announced the installation of a cutting-edge neutral atom quantum computer at the National Quantum Computing Centre (NQCC).
PRESS RELEASE — Infleqtion, the world’s leading quantum information company, is proud to announce the installation of a cutting-edge neutral atom quantum computer at the National Quantum Computing Centre (NQCC). This marks a significant milestone as Infleqtion becomes the first company to deploy hardware at the NQCC under their quantum computing testbed programme. The news comes on the heels of Infleqtion’s rapid advancement in quantum gate fidelity.
Tim Ballance, President of Infleqtion UK, said, “Our recent installation is part of Infleqtion’s dedication to leading facility logistics in partnership with our colleagues at the NQCC. Together, we are establishing crucial infrastructure components such as network infrastructure, safety protocols, and security measures. Infleqtion has completed our second milestone, which includes the installation and in-situ characterisation of primary lasers, optical, vacuum, and electronic subsystems necessary for the quantum computer to function. This accomplishment demonstrates our advanced technology and expertise in the field.”
In parallel to the delivery of the quantum computing testbed hardware, Infleqtion’s quantum software team are working closely on near term applications of quantum computing with NQCC researchers and Infleqtion’s partners Oxfordshire County Council, Riverlane, and QinetiQ. This work includes using Infleqtion’s Superstaq software to apply quantum optimisation to tackle challenges such as traffic management in Oxfordshire. A principal goal of these activities is to demonstrate the practical applications of quantum technology on both a regional and national scale, particularly in areas such as national security and defence.
A team of engineers at the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, the Chinese University of Hong Kong and the Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology has found that ferrofluidic drops in a tank of water can be forced to rise in desired ways using light. The study is published in the journal Science Advances.
Prior research has shown that ferrofluid droplets can be manipulated in water using a magnet. In this new study, the research team has shown that they can be manipulated by a light source as well.
Ferrofluid droplets are made by immersing magnetic particles in a drop of oil. Prior research has shown that they can be made to travel across a flat surface by dragging a magnet beneath them. If the droplets are heated, bubbles held inside of them expand, making the bubble bigger and more buoyant.