Menu

Blog

Archive for the ‘particle physics’ category: Page 14

Jul 31, 2024

Black holes as particle accelerators: a brief review

Posted by in categories: cosmology, particle physics

Tomohiro harada 1 and masashi kimura 2

Published 28 November 2014 • © 2014 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Jul 31, 2024

Newly discovered sheets of nanoscale ‘cubes’ make excellent catalysts

Posted by in categories: nanotechnology, particle physics

Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University have created sheets of transition metal chalcogenide “cubes” connected by chlorine atoms. While sheets of atoms have been widely studied e.g. graphene, the team’s work breaks new ground by using clusters instead. The team succeeded in forming nanoribbons inside carbon nanotubes for structural characterization, while also forming microscale sheets of cubes which could be exfoliated and probed. These were shown to be an excellent catalyst for generating hydrogen.

The findings have been published in Advanced Materials (“Superatomic layer of cubic Mo 4 S 4 clusters connected by Cl cross-linking”).

„ and show the arrangement of the nanosheet when viewed from different directions, respectively. (Image: Tokyo Metropolitan University)

Jul 31, 2024

‘Sensational breakthrough’ marks step toward revealing hidden structure of prime numbers

Posted by in categories: mathematics, particle physics

face_with_colon_three steps towards infinity getting much closer to the solution with reinmans hypothesis: D.


Just as molecules are composed of atoms, in math, every natural number can be broken down into its prime factors—those that are divisible only by themselves and 1. Mathematicians want to understand how primes are distributed along the number line, in the hope of revealing an organizing principle for the atoms of arithmetic.

“At first sight, they look pretty random,” says James Maynard, a mathematician at the University of Oxford. “But actually, there’s believed to be this hidden structure within the prime numbers.”

Continue reading “‘Sensational breakthrough’ marks step toward revealing hidden structure of prime numbers” »

Jul 30, 2024

Revolutionizing Data Storage: How 3D Metamaterials and Tiny Magnetic Bubbles Could Change Everything

Posted by in categories: particle physics, robotics/AI

For the first time, researchers have demonstrated that not just individual bits, but entire bit sequences can be stored in cylindrical domains: tiny, cylindrical areas measuring just around 100 nanometers. As the team reports in the journal Advanced Electronic Materials, these findings could pave the way for novel types of data storage and sensors, including even magnetic variants of neural networks.

Groundbreaking Magnetic Storage

“A cylindrical domain, which we physicists also call a bubble domain, is a tiny, cylindrical area in a thin magnetic layer. Its spins, the electrons’ intrinsic angular momentum that generates the magnetic moment in the material, point in a specific direction. This creates a magnetization that differs from the rest of the environment. Imagine a small, cylinder-shaped magnetic bubble floating in a sea of opposite magnetization,” says Prof. Olav Hellwig from Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf ’s Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, describing the subject of his research. He and his team are confident that such magnetic structures possess a great potential for spintronic applications.

Jul 30, 2024

Faster Than a Speeding Photon: How Tachyons Challenge Modern Physics

Posted by in categories: particle physics, quantum physics

Recent advancements in tachyon theory have addressed past inconsistencies by incorporating both past and future states into the boundary conditions, leading to a new quantum entanglement theory and suggesting a critical role for tachyons in matter formation.

Tachyons are hypothetical particles that travel at speeds greater than the speed of light. These superluminal particles, are the “enfant terrible” of modern physics. Until recently, they were generally regarded as entities that did not fit into the special theory of relativity. However, a paper just published by physicists from the University of Warsaw and the University of Oxford has shown that many of these prejudices were unfounded. Tachyons are not only not ruled out by the theory, but allow us to understand its causal structure better.

Superluminal Motion and Tachyons.

Jul 29, 2024

Dark matter seen through forest: Study examines matter distribution and supports unknown influence or new particle

Posted by in categories: cosmology, mapping, particle physics

The dense peaks in the wavelength distribution graph observed in a Lyman-Alpha forest indeed resemble many small trees. Each of those peaks represents a sudden drop in “light” at a specific and narrow wavelength, effectively mapping the matter that light has encountered on its journey to us.

Jul 29, 2024

Quantum dance of entangled photons captured in real-time

Posted by in categories: particle physics, quantum physics

The captivating world of quantum mechanics is constantly evolving, revealing complexities that challenge our perception of reality. Recent advancements illuminate the puzzling wave functions of entangled photons, providing remarkable insights into the behavior of these fundamental particles.

At the forefront of this research are experts from the University of Ottawa and Sapienza University of Rome. Their innovative approach allows for real-time visualization of entangled photon wave functions, pushing the boundaries of what we thought possible in quantum science.

Quantum entanglement is a mind-boggling phenomenon that underscores the profound interconnectedness of two particles.

Jul 29, 2024

Researchers trap atoms, forcing them to serve as photonic transistors

Posted by in categories: computing, engineering, nanotechnology, particle physics, quantum physics, tractor beam

Researchers at Purdue University have trapped alkali atoms (cesium) on an integrated photonic circuit, which behaves like a transistor for photons (the smallest energy unit of light) similar to electronic transistors. These trapped atoms demonstrate the potential to build a quantum network based on cold-atom integrated nanophotonic circuits. The team, led by Chen-Lung Hung, associate professor of physics and astronomy at the Purdue University College of Science, published their discovery in the American Physical Society’s Physical Review X (“Trapped Atoms and Superradiance on an Integrated Nanophotonic Microring Circuit”).

“We developed a technique to use lasers to cool and tightly trap atoms on an integrated nanophotonic circuit, where light propagates in a small photonic ‘wire’ or, more precisely, a waveguide that is more than 200 times thinner than a human hair,” explains Hung, who is also a member of the Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute. “These atoms are ‘frozen’ to negative 459.67 degrees Fahrenheit or merely 0.00002 degrees above the absolute zero temperature and are essentially standing still. At this cold temperature, the atoms can be captured by a ‘tractor beam’ aimed at the photonic waveguide and are placed over it at a distance much shorter than the wavelength of light, around 300 nanometers or roughly the size of a virus. At this distance, the atoms can very efficiently interact with photons confined in the photonic waveguide. Using state-of-the-art nanofabrication instruments in the Birck Nanotechnology Center, we pattern the photonic waveguide in a circular shape at a diameter of around 30 microns (three times smaller than a human hair) to form a so-called microring resonator. Light would circulate within the microring resonator and interact with the trapped atoms.”

A key aspect function the team demonstrates in this research is that this atom-coupled microring resonator serves like a ‘transistor’ for photons. They can use these trapped atoms to gate the flow of light through the circuit. If the atoms are in the correct state, photons can transmit through the circuit. Photons are entirely blocked if the atoms are in another state. The stronger the atoms interact with the photons, the more efficient this gate is.

Jul 28, 2024

Breakthrough CRAM technology ditches von Neumann model, makes AI 1,000x more energy efficient

Posted by in categories: particle physics, robotics/AI

Futurology: The global demand for AI computing has data centers consuming electricity like frat houses chug beer. But researchers from the University of Minnesota might have a wildly innovative solution to curb AI’s growing thirst for power with a radical new device that promises vastly superior energy efficiency.

The researchers have designed a new “computational random-access memory” (CRAM) prototype chip that could reduce energy needs for AI applications by a mind-boggling 1,000 times or more compared to current methods. In one simulation, the CRAM tech showed an incredible 2,500x energy savings.

Traditional computing relies on the decades-old von Neumann architecture of separate processor and memory units, which requires constantly moving data back and forth in an energy-intensive process. The Minnesota team’s CRAM completely upends that model by performing computations directly within the memory itself using spintronic devices called magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs).

Jul 28, 2024

Physicists Rewrite Quantum Rules — New Theories Could Revolutionize Materials Science

Posted by in categories: chemistry, computing, particle physics, quantum physics, science, sustainability

Grasping the precise energy landscapes of quantum particles can significantly enhance the accuracy of computer simulations for material sciences. These simulations are instrumental in developing advanced materials for applications in physics, chemistry, and sustainable technologies. The research tackles longstanding questions from the 1980s, paving the way for breakthroughs across various scientific disciplines.

An international group of physicists, led by researchers at Trinity College Dublin, has developed new theorems in quantum mechanics that explain the “energy landscapes” of quantum particle collections. Their work resolves decades-old questions, paving the way for more accurate computer simulations of materials. This advancement could significantly aid scientists in designing materials poised to revolutionize green technologies.

The new theorems have just been published in the prominent journal Physical Review Letters. The results describe how the energy of systems of particles (such as atoms, molecules, and more exotic matter) changes when their magnetism and particle count change. Solving an open problem important to the simulation of matter using computers, this extends a series of landmark works commencing from the early 1980s.

Page 14 of 567First1112131415161718Last