Nanoscale experiments reveal that quantum effects can transmit heat between objects separated by empty space.
Category: nanotechnology – Page 248
Cheers! Maxwell’s electromagnetism extended to smaller scales
On Dec. 11, 2019, a general framework for incorporating and correcting for nonclassical electromagnetic phenomena in nanoscale systems will be presented in the journal Nature.
More than 150 years have passed since the publication of James Clerk Maxwell’s “A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field” (1865). His treatise revolutionized the fundamental understanding of electric fields, magnetic fields and light. The 20 original equations (elegantly reduced to four today), their boundary conditions at interfaces, and the bulk electronic response functions (dielectric permitivity and magnetic permeability) are at the root of the ability to manipulate electromagnetic fields and light.
Life without Maxwell’s equations would lack most current science, communications and technology.
Nanotech Suggests To Have Found A Way To Combat Age Related Diseases
NaNotics, in another breakthrough, is promising a new kind of medication, and suggests to have found a way to combat age related diseases; boldly going where no nanotech has gone before.
Lou Hawthorne of NaNotics, LLC opened his presentation at a recent longevity investor event using a clip from Star Trek that shows captain Kirk being giving a shot that restores him to his younger years.
“It’s tempting to assume it’s a drug, but what if the content of that syringe was something new?” NaNotics’ CEO Hawthorne asked. “NaNots are a new class of medicine. They are engineered to do just one thing and that’s the holy grail of medicine design, because most drugs do two things: something you want them to do, and something you don’t. In other words, side effects.”
Transhumanism and Immortality
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Whether we like it or not, the hybrid age is already here. From genetic manipulation, to AI technology, to nano-technology, robotics, 3D printing, brain mapping, super computing, the list is literally endless. Futurists and Transhumanist philosophers believe that science and technology are limitless, and that humanity’s current cultural traditions and mindset are the mechanisms in place that prohibit human development.
Mankind has experienced formidable technological growth in the past from the early ancestors to the Agrarian Age, the Industrial Age in the 18th century, and the Information Age in the 1970s, from their point of view, we are simply going through another revolutionary leap into what they call, the Hybrid Age.
The Transhumanist Movement, also known as H+ is an intellectual, cultural and political movement that supports technological enhancements in the human body through the use of genetics, robotics, synthetic biology, AI technology among others to modify the physiology, psyche, memory and progeny of a human being and ultimately achieve immortality on earth, (a procedure they believe can be reached within the next decade) whereby human consciousness can be uploaded into a robot, cyborg or possibly, a human clone. The sci-fi novel “Altered Carbon” by Richard K. Morgan captures a cornucopia of technological concepts that are, believe it or not, in experimental stages across the globe, methods such as: human hybridization, CRISPR-technology—Chinese scientists have used CRISPR for gene-editing on 86 human patients; limb regeneration, bionic augmentation, the making of super-soldiers, cloning, Cryonics and the growing interest in information-theoretic death, neuropreservation, suspended animation, molecular nano-technology and so on. Sounds far-fetched right?
Solving the thermoelectric ‘trade-off’ conundrum with metallic carbon nanotubes
Scientists from Tokyo Metropolitan University have used aligned “metallic” carbon nanotubes to create a device which converts heat to electrical energy (a thermoelectric device) with a higher power output than pure semiconducting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in random networks. The new device bypasses the troublesome trade-off in semiconductors between conductivity and electrical voltage, significantly outperforming its counterpart. High power thermoelectric devices may pave the way for more efficient use of waste heat, like wearable electronics.
Thermoelectric devices can directly convert heat to electricity. When we think about the amount of wasted heat in our environment like in air conditioning exhausts, vehicle engines or even body heat, it would be revolutionary if we could somehow scavenge this energy back from our surroundings and put it to good use. This goes some way to powering the thought behind wearable electronics and photonics, devices which could be worn on the skin and powered by body heat. Limited applications are already available in the form of body heat powered lights and smartwatches.
The power extracted from a thermoelectric device when a temperature gradient is formed is affected by the conductivity of the device and the Seebeck coefficient, a number indicating how much electrical voltage is generated with a certain difference in temperature. The problem is that there is a trade-off between the Seebeck coefficient and conductivity: the Seebeck coefficient drops when the device is made more conductive. To generate more power, we ideally want to improve both.
Samsung researchers: More efficient quantum dots without heavy metals
A team at Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology has announced that they have improved quantum dot (QD) technology for use in large displays by developing QDs that are both more efficient and have no heavy metals. In their paper published in the journal Nature, the group describes their work and their plans for the future. Alexander Efros, with the Naval Research Laboratory, in Washington D.C. has published a companion piece in the same journal issue outlining the work by the team at Samsung.
Quantum dots are nanoscale semiconducting crystals that have unique optical and electronic properties due to quirks of quantum mechanics. Since their development in the 1980s, scientists have been finding many uses for them in optical devices. Unfortunately, as Efros notes, they suffer from two problems that have prevented them from being fully utilized. The first is that they are based on cadmium, a toxic heavy metal. The second is the QD phosphors that are used in display devices—they are not self- emissive, which means they need to be replaced by QD light-emitting diodes in order for them to be competitively efficient. Notably current Samsung QLED TV screens do not use the QLEDs as a source of light—instead, LCDs produce backlight which is then absorbed by a film of quantum dots. In this new effort, the group at Samsung has made progress towards addressing both problems.
Electro-optical device provides solution to faster computing memories and processors
The first ever integrated nanoscale device which can be programmed with either photons or electrons has been developed by scientists in Harish Bhaskaran’s Advanced Nanoscale Engineering research group at the University of Oxford.
In collaboration with researchers at the universities of Münster and Exeter, scientists have created a first-of-a-kind electro–optical device which bridges the fields of optical and electronic computing. This provides an elegant solution to achieving faster and more energy efficient memories and processors.
Computing at the speed of light has been an enticing but elusive prospect, but with this development it’s now in tangible proximity. Using light to encode as well as transfer information enables these processes to occur at the ultimate speed limit—that of light. While as of recently, using light for certain processes has been experimentally demonstrated, a compact device to interface with the electronic architecture of traditional computers has been lacking. The incompatibility of electrical and light-based computing fundamentally stems from the different interaction volumes that electrons and photons operate in. Electrical chips need to be small to operate efficiently, whereas optical chips need to be large, as the wavelength of light is larger than that of electrons.
Ralph Merkle on Space Cryonics & Nanotechnology
Alcor calls them “patients”, and right now, over 150 of these frozen souls are waiting for the future in vats of liquid nitrogen stored in Scottsdale, Arizona. We interview Dr. Ralph Merkle, a director at the Alcor Foundation and a respected pioneer in nanotechnology, to learn how recent advances in cryonics just may enable long-haul interstellar spaceflight sooner than you’d guess…
Why don’t we just stop the aging process?
A team of scientists at the University of Antwerp (Belgium) wants to stop the aging process. They are fascinated by uncovering longevity signatures at the tiny molecular level and are developing an intelligent nanomachine that lays the foundations for new therapies against aging and chronic diseases. Only ten conditions cause 75% of all mortalities. The top three of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer accounts for 50% of all mortalities. Are these chronic diseases age-related? Can we address them by targeting aging?
Nanotechnology Is Shaping the Hypersonics Race
New materials to deflect massive amounts of surface heat don’t come from nature.
A protective coating of carbon nanotubes may help the Pentagon field warplanes and missiles that can survive the intense heat generated at five times the speed of sound.
Researchers from Florida State University’s High-Performance Materials Institute, with funding from the U.S. Air Force, discovered that soaking sheets of carbon nanotubes in phenol-based resin increases their ability to disperse heat by about one-sixth, allowing a thinner sheet to do the job.